Sunday, October 2, 2016

Algae

Specimen #1: Cosmarium sp., Green Algae














Figure 1: Cosmarium sp. at 1000X Magnification Using a Light Microscope. Although it appears to be cell in the process of mitosis, this organism is actually a single cell with a deep division known as the isthmus and sinus. The green portions in each semi-cell are the chloroplasts, the photosynthesis factory. This particular specimen has peculiar tubules, perhaps either pseudopodia or cilia-like structures, projecting out into the surrounding environment from the plasma membrane that is not present in any of the Cosmarium species shown in the website used to identify this specimen.

Name: Cosmarium sp.
Common Name: Green Algae
Phylum: Charophyta
Class: Zygnemophyceae
Order: Desmidiales
Family: Desmidiaceae
Collection Date: August 23, 2016

Habitat: These microscopic algae mainly reside in acidic, oligotrophic, aquatic environments. However, they can occasionally be found in subaerial or in basic, eutrophic waters.

Location: James H. Barrow Field Station Duck Pond

Description: Microscopic algae of the order known as Zygnematales, commonly known as desmids or green algae. It is a unicellular placoderm in the order of Charophyceae. A placoderm has cells that are deeply divided in the middle. The two semi-cells are rounded when views from the front and flattened, oval, or elliptic when viewed from the side. The older half of the cell wall secretes mucilage. The mucilage swells as it absorbs water and propels the cell forward. The cell wall may be smooth with pores or ornamented with granules, pits, or warts. The vegetative cells usually do not have spines. Each semi-cell has at least one central chloroplast. They sometimes produces thick-walled resting cells. They undergo asexual reproduction via cell division.

Key Used: Baker, A.L. et al.  2012.  Phycokey -- an image based key to Algae (PS Protista), Cyanobacteria, and other aquatic objects. University of New Hampshire Center for Freshwater Biology. http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/phycokey.htm 4 Sep 2016.

Keying Steps:
Introduction Page: Clicked on “Charophyceae (plant ancestors)”
Charophyceae Page: Clicked on “Desmids”
Desmids Page: Clicked on “Placoderm desmids (two wall halves)”
Unicell Desmids Page: Clicked on “Placoderm desmids (two wall halves)”
Placoderm Desmids Page: Clicked on “Cosmarium


Specimen #2: Pyramimonas sp., N/A

































Figure 1: Pyramimonas sp. at 400X magnification. This specimen was killed using Potassium chloride so a picture could be taken. Prior to killing it, this specimen was using its many flagella to move in the direction of the flagella. The left-hand picture is of the specimen so that its eyespot is visible. The eyespot (red spot on top-left) was brown prior to killing the specimen, but has since turned red in color. Other structures that are visible is the single chloroplast (Brown circle in the middle-top of the cell). The right-hand picture shows off the multiple flagella possessed by the specimen. These flagella are pronged so that each has two tips.

Name: Pyramimonas sp.
Common Name: N/A
Phylum: Chlorophyta
Family: Pyramimonadaceae
Collection Date: September 7, 2016

Habitat: Mostly marine in polar seas, with some freshwater species. 

Location: A stagnant pond alongside Brosius Road in Ohio.

Description: Flagellated Unicells, oval, varying in size by an order of magnitude, 5 – 50 um, radially symmetric with multiple flagella (4,8,16) arising from an apical pit. In some instances the flagella have scales that vary with species and habitat.  If four or eight flagella are present there is one large chloroplast containing a large pyrenoid.  One to two eyespots are common as well as a vacuole in freshwater species.

Key Used: Baker, A.L. et al.  2012.  Phycokey -- an image based key to Algae (PS Protista), Cyanobacteria, and other aquatic objects. University of New Hampshire Center for Freshwater Biology. http://cfb.unh.edu/phycokey/phycokey.htm 4 Sep 2016.

Keying Steps:
Introduction Page: Clicked on “Greens (Chlorophyceae)”
Greens (Chlorophyceae) Page: Clicked on “Unicell Greens (Chlorophyceae)”
Unicell Greens Page: Clicked on “Flagellated Unicells”
Flagellated Unicells Page: Clicked on “Pyramimonas

Algae Links:






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